Archive issue

1. Current research on breast carcinogenesis

Felicia Recareanu(1), Corina Gruia(2),Cristiana Simionescu(3), Alex Stepan(3) (1)

The majority of invasive breast carcinoma is thought to develop over long periods of time from certain pre-existing benign lesions. Subsequent tumor progression is driven by the accumulation of additional genetic changes combined with clonal expansion and selection. Epithelial- mesenchymal interactions are known to be an important factor for the normal development of the mammary gland and for the breast tumorigenesis. Insight into the mechanisms of the causation of cancer by estrogen will be identifed determinants of susceptibility to breast cancer and new targets for prevention and therapeutic intervention.

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2. Histological Alterations in the Hepatic Parenchyma in Infections with the Hepatotrop Virus B

Ana Maria Kese(1), Violeta Comanescu(2), Maria Comanescu(2), Cristiana Simionescu(3), Denisa Enescu-Bieru(1)

This study included 116 cases of liver serologically confirmed biopsies, which were clinico-pathologicaly assesed. We evaluated the portal and intraloburlarly inflammatory infiltrate, the injury of segmental bile ducts, the hepatocytic necrosis, fibrosis stage and other additionally histopathological aspects. This results sustain the importance of histopathological evaluation for diagnosis and therapeutic management for the lesions.

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3. An Assessment of Distribution Sex, Age and Environment of Origin Patients with Gastric Cancer

Cotoi B.V. (1), Georgescu I.(2)

The stomach is one of the most common sites of malignant neoplastic disease in the digestive tract. Malignancy affecting the stomach, ranked in frequency II, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gastric cancer is unknown, but we know a number of local risk factors, environmental or general. Heredity as a risk factor is substantiated by the high incidence of disease in people with blood group A II and aggregation in families. Environmental factors involved mainly via food. Anatomical seat of predilection is antro-pyloric region (70%), followed by lesser curvature (20%) cardial location, the stomach walls and background are much more rare region (10%). Typically, gastric cancer tumor appears as a primitive single location multiple metastases are characteristic.

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4. Bacteorological Study of the Expectorant Except Koch Bacillus in Patients Interned in a Department of Pneumology

Liliana Popescu(1), Fl. Bogdan(2), C. Popescu (1)

The study was conducted over a period of seven years in respiratory medicine department of the Municipal Hospital Caracal, which worked with 45 beds. During this period, 4862 patients were investigated. Bacteriological examination of sputum can be helpful in diagnosing bronchopulmonary infections if measure of sampling, decontamination and rapid processing are met. Bacteriological investigation of cough request must be made only when indicated, requiring a permanent and effective communication between clinician and laboratory doctor. Bacteriological investigation of cough request must be made only when indicated, requiring a permanent and effective communication between clinician and laboratory doctor. The pathological products for cyto-bacteriological examination must be accompanied by receipts, stating information on diagnosis, treatment with antibiotics on the way or completed, for the lab doctor to be endorsed on the arguments of pathology. Identifying microbial spectrum and the sensitivity of germs is the best means of argument for antibiotic choice; with empirical treatment there are significant differences from one region to another. Mycological examination is particularly important in diagnosing and detecting sputum superinfections and tracking the etiologic agent in some diseases rebellious to treatment with antibiotics.

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5. The Importance of Cytologic Exam in The Diagnosis of the Preneoplastic and Neoplatic Lesions of the Uterine Cervix

A. Comanescu(1), Maria Comanescu(2), Mihaela Munteanu(2), Carmen Popescu(2), Cristiana Simionescu(3)

The aim of this study represents the confirmation of the utility of cytologic investigation in the screening of the preneoplastic and neoplatic lesions of the uterine cervix,comparing the cytologic results with the histolgic diagnosis of the resected specimens.

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6. Cytological And Histopathological Aspects Concerning Preinvasive Squamous Cervical Lesions

Mihaela Muntean(1), Cristiana Simionescu(2), Rodica Taslica(3) ,Corina Gruia(4), A. Comanescu(5) Nicoleta Patrana(6), Georgiana Fota(4)

Our study was carried out on a total number of 158 patients, with a mean age of 32, all tested and identified cytologically (Pap-test) as presenting minor cellular abnormalities, respectively ASCUS (10) and LSIL (119), and major cellular abnormalities, respectively SIL-borderline (8) and HSIL (21), and who, either voluntarily or upon cytopathologists’ recommendation, were colposcopically examined. Subsequently, they were subjected to cervical biopsy or excision therapy. In patients with ASCUS cytology, 6 cases were morphologically diagnosed with benign cervical lesions, 3 were diagnosed with LSIL, and one patient was diagnosed as HSIL (CIN 2). Out of 119 LSIL smears 108 were confirmed by histopathology, while 11 were diagnosed as HSIL (CIN 2). In SIL-borderline patients, 5 cases were screened as LSIL and 3 as HSIL. In patients with HSIL cytology, 18 were diagnosed histopathologically as HSIL (CIN 2 and CIN 3/CIS), while 3 were diagnosed as invasive squamous carcinoma.

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7. Imaging Diagnosis in Mediastinal Vascular Diseases

Morosanu D. V., Bondari A.

In practice approach during a diagnostic imaging of a mediastinal masses that are driven more often overlapping stages: Detection or confirmation of a replacement process mediastinal space; Lesion characterization to its classification in a category of mediastinal masses (tissue, cystic, vascular, fatty, mixed, etc..) And, achieving the distinction between a tumor and one nontumoral process; Locating and establishing extension previously detected anomaly ; Specify the nature of mediastinal mass detected and if the balance of evolutionary stage. Using the above criteria we analyzed 504 cases of mediastinal masses included in the study for their classification in anatomic and clinical entity. Because the number of cases of magnetic resonance imaging examinations and ultrasound examinations was significantly reduced compared to computed tomography in each group will present a systematic analysis of injury criteria for diagnosis, radiology, ultrasound, CT and MRI-confined I encountered issues and examples of iconographic type.

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8. Neuroendocrine Differentiation In Prostate Adenocarcinoma Biopsies And Its Correlation To Histological Grading

Madalina Marcu(1), E. Radu(2), Maria Sajin(1)

Prostate adenocarcinoma is frequently diagnosed on needle biopsies in early, organ-confined stages. New prognostic factors would help identifying at this stage patients at risk for unfavorable evolution, that would benefit from alternate therapy. This study aims to find correlations between the extent of neurocrine differentiation (NED), a feature commonly seen in prostate carcinoma, and known factors of disease evolution such as histological grade, malignant cell proliferation and serum PSA levels. Immunohistochemistry for choromogranin A and neuron-specific enaolase (NSE) was used to calculate expression scores in order to asses the extent of NED in prostate biopsies. Tumour proliferative activity was estimated by calculating percentages of Ki-67 immunoreactive cell nuclei. Results show that the presence of numerous clusters of chromogranin A positive cells is a feature that differentiate tumours with Gleason score 9 from those with a score of 6. Also, the same extended neuroendocrine differentiation is associated with high tumour proliferative activity. Multinomial regression analysis showed that high Ki indices, serum PSA values and NSE scores are predictive for moderately and poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma.

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9. Study of Nimesulide Release from Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations in Tween 80 Solutions

Stefana-Oana Purcaru(1), Mihaela Ionescu(2), CristinaRaneti(2), ValentinaAnuta(3), I. Mircioiu(4), IonelaBelu(1)

Nimesulide is a weakly acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). Like many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Nimesulide is very sparingly soluble in water (? 0.01 mg/mL).The poor aqueous solubility and wettability of Nimesulide gives rise to difficulties in pharmaceutical formulations for oral or parenteral delivery, which may lead to variable bioavailability. Based on the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), Nimesulide is considered a BCS 2 drug (poorly soluble and highly permeable). Solubilization in surfactant solutions above critical micelle concentration (CMC) offers one approach to the formulation of poorly soluble drugs. Weakly acidic and basic drugs may be brought into solution by the solubilizing action of surfactants. In this study, different concentrations of Tween 80 was used in combination with buffer (pH 7.4) to increase the solubility of Nimesulide. The results show that the dependence of the released amount on the Tween concentration is not linear, very low Tween concentration showing a decrease of “solubility“, probably connected to a critical micelle concentration at the interface Nimesulide solution. An “analytical” artefact connected to a decreasing ultraviolet absorption of Nimesulide because of Nimesulide precipitation, the formation of a colloidal solution is possible, and the phenomenon remains to be searched further. It is hard to explain that for an almost complete solubilization a significant Tween quantity is necessary and this should be more than that of other slightly soluble drugs.

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10. Researches upon the Heavy Metals Content of Rubus caesius L. (Rosaceae)

Ruxandra Ioncica(1), Maria-Viorica Bubulica(1), L. Chirigiu(1), G.D. Mogosanu(1), R. Popescu(2), H. Popescu(1,3)

The analysis of heavy metals in the leaves and stems of Rubus caesius species has been performed. The mean levels of heavy metals in vegetal dried samples were in normal limits. Differences depend on the presence of organic compounds with ligand character and on the environmental conditions. The results indicate that there is not any real danger by utilization of pharmaceutical preparations of Rubii caesii folium.

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11. When and How Nurse’s Interventions are Beneficial for Dysphagic Patient?

Adriana Iliescu(1), Dana-Maria Albulescu(2), Adriana Hurezeanu(3), C. Voiculescu(4)

To eat and to hydrate represent two basic needs and constitute the base of Abraham Maslow’s pyramid, a theory which identifies human basic needs. A swallowing disorder (also called dysphagia) is difficulty or discomfort in swallowing. As a result, it can be difficult to eat and drink. Food represents the energy source and the biological substrate for our body cells. Water and food are introduced into the body through natural (digestive tract) and parenteral way (pathological conditions). Dysphagia represents a negative aspect that affects the development of this physiological need, so vital for survival. Swallowing difficulties can occur at any point along the swallow, from when the food or drink enters the mouth, to when the bolus passes through the esophagus and into the stomach. Dysphagia is probably more common than you think........The nurse, as a member of the interdisciplinary medical team, plays an important role in the medical care of patients registering such pathology. Consequently, the following questions are asked, which? how? and when? are nursing interventions essential for the dysphagic patient? To answer these questions, the nurse has to know closely the causes of dysphagia, its clinical aspects, as well as the interventions needed to provide the patient’s optimal nutrition, nutrition should represent a safety measure in such pathology.

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